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DNA Sequencing: Unlocking the Blueprint of Life
DNA sequencing is one of the most groundbreaking tools in modern biology, allowing scientists to read the precise order of nucleotides in an organism's genetic code. This technology has transformed our understanding of genetics, evolution, and disease, providing insights that were once thought impossible. By decoding the information stored in DNA, researchers can explore everything from ancestry to personalized medicine with unprecedented detail.
The process of DNA sequencing involves determining the sequence of the four nucleotides—adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine—that make up the DNA molecule. Early methods, such as the Sanger sequencing technique, laid the foundation for this field. Though slow and labor-intensive, these techniques were crucial for sequencing the first human genome. Today, advanced high-throughput sequencing technologies, often referred to as next-generation sequencing (NGS), have revolutionized the field, enabling rapid and cost-effective decoding of entire genomes.
Applications of DNA sequencing span a…